Land Combat Systems: March 30, 2025

Land Combat Systems

The Land Combat Systems (LCS) industry, as part of the overall defense industry, is critical to the U.S. and partner nation’s defense security. For the purposes of this study, the industry is sub-categorized into two markets: Tactical Wheeled Vehicles (TWV), including Protected Vehicles (PV), and Combat Vehicles (CV). Tactical Wheeled Vehicles include light, medium, and heavy wheeled vehicles carrying personnel and equipment with a limited ability to carry weapons. Combat Vehicles include tracked and wheeled vehicles mainly used in a ground combat role. The purpose of studying the LCS industry is to analyze representative issues and dilemmas faced by firms, the Department of Defense (DoD), and the U.S. Government (USG). The LCS industry consists of a number of key domestic and international firms as well as government depot facilities. Within the TWV market firms often manufacture both commercial and military products, sometimes on the same assembly line. However, most firms in the CV market are solely military suppliers. Cyclic government demand is a key driver in the TWV and CV markets. In addition, government customers control many variables which directly impacts the success or failure of LCS programs and the respective success or failure of individual firms. Given the facts above and based upon the study team observations and analysis, the USG and DoD should consider expanding Foreign Military Sales (FMS) opportunities, updating logistical sustainment plans and practices, revising requirements generation and oversight of Science and Technology (S&T) and innovation, and consolidating efforts within the Defense Industrial Base (DIB). These changes will maximize efficiency, increase competition, incentivize innovation, and minimize cost while maintaining the optimum readiness level for the designated mission requirements.

Maritime (Formerly Maritime Domain and Shipbuilding) May 31, 2024

A Calculated Intervention: Practical Actions to Revitalize the U.S. Maritime Industry

The report, developed by a seminar of students and professionals, identifies key challenges in the U.S. maritime industry, including issues with affordability, production capacity, and resilience. These stem from aging infrastructure, labor shortages, outdated manufacturing, and restrictive policies. The industry’s focus on defense over commercial competitiveness has further worsened its global standing. The report proposes policy recommendations to address these problems, aiming to revitalize the industry, enhance national security, and improve global competitiveness, particularly through efforts focused on commercial shipping and U.S. allies.

Maritime (formerly Sea Domain): May 30, 2022

Righting the Ship: Positioning the U.S. Maritime Industrial Base to Mobilize in the 21st Century Strategic Competition

Since the turn of the twenty-first century, China’s maritime interests (the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN), Chinese Coast Guard, and Maritime Militia) have rapidly accelerated on a path to challenge United States’ naval supremacy. As a result, the United States is moving to modernize its Naval Service, defined collectively as the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Marine Corps, and the U.S. Coast Guard, into an integrated all-domain force that excels in Distributed Maritime Operations to maintain the advantage at sea and enforce foreign policy objectives.

Maritime: March 30, 2025

Shipbuilding: All Hands on Deck! Headwinds and Heavy Seas Ahead to Achieve the 355-Ship Navy

The American shipbuilding industry boasts unmatched technology but has shrunk to a fraction of its former size. American shipyards now depend on defense contracts and protective legislation to survive amid booms, busts, and subsidized foreign competition. For US-based shipbuilders to produce the ships needed to acquire a 355-ship Navy expeditiously and affordably, the US Government must adopt a disciplined approach of long-term planning, building from mature designs, introducing new technologies incrementally, and executing multi-year contracts for blocks of ships. These and other reforms will speed production, reduce cost, stabilize the industry, and help shipyards invest in facilities, technology, and workforce.

Microelectronics (Formerly Electronics) May 31, 2024

Embracing the Global Chip Game: Building and Sustaining a Chip Manufacturing Industry in the U.S.

Given the increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into both commercial and military sectors, compute power is poised to shape the future of economic and national security. At the forefront of this battle for competitive advantage in compute power are semiconductors. This paper explores the strategic significance of semiconductors in shaping the competitive landscape between the United States and the People’s Republic of China (PRC). It explores how through strategic investments and redefined partnerships, the United States is seeking to rebuild its depleted semiconductor manufacturing capacity and extend its current advantages in other aspects of the semiconductor industry. It considers key challenges for advancing the U.S. position while limiting the PRC’s own efforts to gain semiconductor self-sufficiency. It offers policy recommendations into ways the United States can shape and navigate geopolitical tensions while enhancing its semiconductor infrastructure and posture. The United States faces a vital imperative to strengthen the semiconductor industry as a key means for safeguarding national security and economic resilience in this era of strategic competition. CLASS

Microelectronics: May 30, 2022

Electronics

The United States government must take action now to secure the supply chain for semiconductors, promote economic growth, and sustain the United States’ technological competitive advantage for the future. China’s state-led efforts to develop its domestic semiconductor industry are unprecedented in scope and scale and represent a direct threat to the United States’ economic and national security interests. The Department of Defense (DoD) requires secure access to semiconductors to support both cutting-edge and legacy capabilities.

Missile Defense May 22, 2022

Missile Defense

The return of great power competition coincides with the emergence of an age of missiles. The United States competes with a rising China and increasingly unstable and provocative Russia to shape security architectures and global norms and practices. In addition to Russia and China, the missile threat emanating from the rogue nations of North Korea and Iran toward the United States and its interests is evolving, and so must the United States’ ability to counter these rising threats. The U.S. missile defense enterprise is challenged to effectively counter adversaries’ growing offensive capabilities, including cruise missiles and hypersonic glide vehicles (HGV). A weak defense industrial base (DIB), the need to reallocate responsibilities amongst the entities involved with missile defense research, development, procurement, and sustainment, as well as the need to update the U.S. missile defense strategy and increase the speed and effectiveness of research and development hamper the U.S.’s ability to provide adequate missile defense.

Munitions: May 30, 2022

The Munitions Industrial Base: Is Good Enough Really Good Enough?

The ability of the United States to readily deter, deny, and defeat its adversaries is directly tied to its military capabilities. Coming out of the nation’s longest period of armed conflict, the United States continues to face challenges from adversaries in every operating domain. Whether the nation is at war or at peace, readiness is essential. As a top priority, the Department of Defense (DOD) continues to assess the best strategy for managing and operating the defense industrial base (DIB) as the operational environment continues to evolve at the pace of adversary motivation. Difficult choices must be made in prioritizing what is most important to field a ready, lethal, adaptive, and resilient military.

Networking (Formerly Newsmedia) May 30, 2023

Safeguarding Cyberspace: The Imperative for Reform & Rebalance

The United States (US) will most likely continue to suffer unacceptable losses in strategic competition with autocracies in cyberspace until it shapes the cyberspace domain by improving cyberspace attention, leadership, and governance, fostering a more collaborative relationship with private industry to advance digital literacy and cybersecurity, and involving more offensive cyberspace operations through integrated deterrence via defend forward and persistent engagement strategies. Allies and partners should be engaged to ensure synchronous policies. The 2023 National Cybersecurity Strategy (NCS), though appropriately advancing cybersecurity, will unlikely bend the positive slope of Intellectual Property (IP) theft, ransomware loss, malign cyber information operations (CIO), and ongoing cyberspace threats to US critical infrastructure by Russia and China. The US remains largely timid in cyberspace, especially in punishing malign actors, fearing escalation to kinetic conflict, and limits itself to cybersecurity. To date, US operations involving denial capabilities have not resulted in escalation to military conflict. To shape the cyberspace domain to protect US and allied interests and protect US political and economic sovereignty, the United States must: 1. Shape the cyberspace domain and out-compete its adversaries, who view their relationships with the US as zero sum. 2. Afford the National Cyber Director (NCD) the authorities to synchronize and integrate US efforts to shape the cyberspace domain, including combating foreign information operations (IO). 3. Invest in emerging technology and public-private partnerships to out-compete adversaries in the cyberspace domain, including expanding cyber resilience, advancing private sector cooperation through a broader cyber incident reporting base, establishing a non-DoD cyberspace Reserve Force, establishing a Federal “Hack Us” program through the Office of the NCD (ONCD) and Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), and enacting bipartisan legislation to protect Americans from malign, foreign cyber information activities. 4. Provide certain Federal government agencies with pre-approved authorities to engage cyberspace threats with proportional, defensive cyberspace operations to deter, disrupt, and destroy malicious cyberspace activity at its source.

Networking (Formerly Newsmedia, Information Communications and Technology) May 30, 2022

Networked Power: Addressing the role of networking & communication technologies in 21st-century influence operations

The paper discusses how adversaries use propaganda, disinformation, and deception through modern networking and communication technology (NCT) to gain strategic advantages, with social media emerging as a powerful tool. NCT has made it easier and cheaper to influence large populations, shifting power from governments to individuals, creating new national security concerns. These methods are often used alongside diplomatic, military, or economic tools, but future strategies may prioritize information as a key instrument of power. While NCT can defend against malign influence and protect democratic values, it also poses risks, including threats to civil liberties. The U.S. and its allies are unprepared to address these challenges, risking ineffective responses that could harm free speech and privacy. The paper outlines research on NCT, providing recommendations for securing the benefits of a connected world through regulatory reform, partnerships, education, and national strategy.